Trauma in Persepolis A Catalyst for Change - Literature Essay Samples

The autobiographical graphic novel Persepolis follows the journey of Marjane Satrapi’s life as she experiences the dangers of the Iran war. Satrapi’s narrative provides a personal look into life during the Iran war, following her throughout not only her childhood in Iran but into her travels as a teenager up until her departure to France as an adult. Throughout her childhood and adolescence she is faced with many painful events and obstacles due to the consequences of the war, which have shaped her character. Satrapi displays how her personal growth is shaped by moments of trauma, through the execution of her Uncle Anoosh, her survivors guilt while in Austria, and her attempted suicide in Iran. These occurrences serve to develop her character and transform her into the person she is by the end of the book. During her childhood, Marji is forced to learn about death at a young age when her uncle Anoosh is executed. This traumatic event shifts Marji’s perspective on death and religion. The top panel of page 70 (see figure 1) depicts a newspaper with the cover story â€Å"Russian Spy Executed,† along with a picture of Anoosh and the two swans made of bread he gave Marji. This image follows after saying goodbye to him, and she thinks, â€Å"That was my last time meeting with my beloved Anoosh† (70). Marji is forced to cope with the death of her uncle during a vital point in her development. By being exposed to death so vividly at such an early age, she is forced to face the tragic realities of war, something that children should not have to experience. Up until this point, Marji had only a vague idea of what war encompasses, shifting her perspective of death as she realizes the permanence. She is turning away from her childhood games of â€Å"torture and killing† and is beginning to realize the severity of death. The depiction of young Maji floating in space on the full-page panel on page 71 (see figure 2) with the caption â€Å"And so I was lost, without any bearings, what could be worse than that? It was the beginning of the war† (71). Marji has just experienced losing a loved one for the first time causing her to feel lost and thrown off balance. On page 70 when God comes into her room, she yells angrily at him, telling him to â€Å"Get out!† (see figure 3). She feels betrayed and begins to question why God lets bad things happen, she feels lost after this encounter with God. First, she loses her role model Uncle Anoosh, and now she has banished God who until that point had guided her through the obstacles in her life. She finds herself alone, without anyone to comfort her, neither God nor Anoosh can offer their reassuring advice. The image shows her floating in space, which is representative of how empty and alone she feel s. The loss of her uncle leads her to question her faith, shaping her into a person who no longer believes in God’s power to command justice. This trauma serves as a rude awakening to Marji, creating the war and all its consequences to be much more tangible to her as she no longer has God or Uncle Anoosh as her support system. In her adolescence Marji moves to Austria. There, Marji is haunted by the fact that her loved ones in Iran are in danger while she is safe now in Austria. Additionally, she is forced to hide her Iranian identity for fear of being stereotyped in her new country. The first panel on page 194 (see figure 4) displays Marji looking at a TV set where there is news playing about a bombing in Iran, her face is sad, she narrates, â€Å"I felt so guilty that whenever there was news about Iran, I changed the channel† (194). Marji begins to develop survivors guilt for being in Austria while her family is left at home in Iran. She feels as though she is not doing anything for her home country and as a result, she begins to perceive herself as a disappointment because of the vices shes gained. Because of all the sacrifices her parents made to send her to Austria, Marji believes she should be excelling in life. This shame of not doing enough and feeling like she is letting down her parents bu ilds up until she begins to push thoughts of Iran to the side altogether. As she begins to to push away her memories of Iran, in order not to feel guilty, she progressively distances herself from her culture, eventually denying it altogether out of fear of being judged. The top panel of page 197 (see figure 5) shows Marji yelling at the girls who are gossiping about her for being Iranian, the font is exaggerated and aggressive: â€Å"You are going to shut up or I am going to make you! I am Iranian and proud of it!† (197). After denying her nationality on various occasions to avoid being targeted, she realizes she needs to be who she is unapologetically. The size of the font symbolizes how she is taking control and saying it loud and proud, this serves as a redemption for continuously denying her Iranian self. After declaring this she feels much more confident and comfortable in her own skin. Through experiencing survivors guilt and attempting to disregard her heritage she is faced with the dilemma of being vocal and proud about her roots and risk being discriminated against or remaining quiet and avoid judgement. She chooses to be true to her roots and proclaim her nationality, this helps establish Marji as a strong woman who stays true to the morals instilled in her by her Iranian upbringing. Marji moves back to Iran as an adult and due to her displacement she feels alienated in her home country and attempts suicide. After Marji attempts suicide, her therapist could not comprehend how she survived after consuming such a large dosage and in response to this she narrates, â€Å"I inferred from this that I was not made to die† (273) (see figure 6). Her attempted suicide serves as a catalyst for beginning her â€Å"new life,† shortly after surviving she feels a purpose for living. It is as if some higher power has saved her from not dying and this keeps her going. This traumatic moment serves to coax her into changing her life and putting in extra effort. These efforts prove beneficiary in the future. Marji transforms herself and becomes what she describes as a â€Å"sophisticated woman† (274). This panel (see figure 7) portrays the â€Å"new† Marji, she is wearing a dress, makeup, and has gotten her hair professionally done. It shows how she has g one through a makeover in order to jumpstart the transition into her new life. All of Marji’s emotions have been repressed for years because of the trauma she has gone through. As she begins to change herself shes becomes more in touch with who she is, she begins to direct her life towards new goals. She goes back to school and eventually moves to France to pursue a higher education and to be able to live as she yearns for. Had it not been for the trauma’s Marji experienced she would not have developed into the person she is at the end of the novel. In Persepolis, Marjane Satrapi thus illustrates how moments of trauma source growth and change, through three major events in her life. She illustrates how events in life can change people and shape them into who they are, regardless of how much control they have over the situation. Appendix Figure 1 (pg. 70) Figure 2 (pg. 71) Figure 3 (pg. 70) Figure 4 (pg. 194)Figure 5 (pg. 197) Figure 6 (pg. 273) Figure 7 (pg. 274)

Essay on Poverty and Sociology - 1344 Words

In 2010, about 46.2 million people were considered poor. The nation’s poverty rate rose to 15.1 percent, whereas in 2009, 14.3 percent of people in America were living in poverty (Censky, 2011). That is an increase of 2.6 million people in 2010. In the United States, the federal poverty line – an absolute measure of annual income – is frequently used to determine who is categorized as poor (Ferris Stein, 2008, 2010). Currently the government defines the poverty line as an income of $11,139 for an individual and $22,314 for a family of four (Censky, 2011). In sociology, poverty can be defined using two terms – relative deprivation and absolute deprivation. Relative deprivation is a comparison between people and social class. With†¦show more content†¦The theory was later adopted by social scientists and used for American poverty, specifically in inner cities. Controversy has arisen from the theory and the majority have come to agree that a cultur e of poverty is nonexistent since the theory tends to blame poverty stricken victims for their own misfortunes while disregarding their social conditions. The just-world hypothesis also plays a role within the culture of poverty controversy. The just-world hypothesis refers to peoples tendency to believe that the world is just and that people get what they deserve (Cherry). People want to believe that the world, society as a whole, is a fair place to achieve lifetime goals and that victims that contradict that belief asked for their misfortunes. When faced with poverty, many individuals become uncaring and disinterested; he or she feels less of a need to start in ways to change society or to lessen the situations of social victims. Another theory that relates to poverty is the conflict theory. Conflict theory is a paradigm that sees social conflict as the basis of society and social change and emphasizes a materialistic view of society, a critical view of the status quo, and a dyn amic model of historical change (Ferris Stein, 2008, 2010). The theory was originally brought on by Karl Marx, and was later adapted and further developed by other theorists; for example, Max Weber. Looking at poverty through the lens of the conflict theory, weShow MoreRelatedPoverty Sociology1553 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: POVERTY AND IT’S EVERYDAY LIFE CHANGES 1 Poverty and its Everyday Life Changes Professor Deanna R. Lindsey Sociology 100, Strayer University November 4, 2011 POVERTY AND IT’S EVERYDAY LIFE CHANGES 2 Abstract This report tells of the ratings of poverty in the United States and America. It tells how poverty is constantly changing the lives of men, women, and children on an everyday basis. It speaks of things we can do as a society to help support and changeRead MorePoverty and Crime (Sociology)1600 Words   |  7 PagesAshley Duran Sociology 1101 August 9, 2010 Poverty and Crime A social issue that has always intrigued me was crime (petty crime, violent crime, etc) in impoverished urban areas and the social and economic impact that crime causes in these areas. Before conducting my research into this topic, I have always pondered why crime and poverty are so closely related. Are these two so closely linked solely because of the lack of income in the area? Or are there someRead MoreSociology: Poverty and Stratification812 Words   |  4 PagesLiving with a poverty level income is a difficulty facing many people around the world; poverty is a cultural universal, or trait found in every known culture – not an expression of individual differences. The most basic explanation for this is the trend towards social stratification, the system by which society organizes itself into a hierarchy. In some cultures this is manifest in the form of a caste system in which people who are in poverty have little to no chance of escaping it. In the UnitedRead More Sociology : The Social Problem Of Poverty1251 Words   |  6 PagesSociology is the scientific study of interactions and relations among individuals. Sociology allows people to understand why groups of people act the way they do, and allows us to examine their culture, background, and heritage. The study of sociology also explains how culture plays a role in the way groups of people act, and how it reflects their society. C. Wright Mills said that the sociological imagination is the ability to look beyond the personal troubles of people to see the public issuesRead MoreSociology Is The Study Of Social Behavior969 Words   |  4 PagesSociology is the study of social behavior. Social behavior has to deal with a society, its development, organizations, and networks. Poverty, the struggling middle class, education and social mobility, inequality,  social class and the health care system, are also important aspects of sociology. In class, we are currently discussing social class. So cial class is a division of a society that is heavily based upon social and economic status. In the United States, there are many cases in which povertyRead MoreSociology Is The Scientific Study Of Society And Human Behavior895 Words   |  4 Pagesto the Marriam Webster dictionary, the simple definition of sociology is â€Å"the study of society, social institution, and social relationships. Based on the textbook, â€Å"sociology is the scientific study of society and human behavior† (G-6). Through the two definitions, one can deduce that the study of Sociology is a discipline that explains and analysis the human culture in terms of their social relationships and social institutions. Sociology is a study that explains the social world which human beingsRead MoreEssay about The Status of Single Mothers1651 Words   |  7 Pageswith women that are supported by government aid, especially single mothers. The women on welfare are often treated poorly because people think they are ‘working the system’. Tax payers feel as if the single mothers on welfare perpetuated their own poverty by having children that they cannot support, just for a bigger welfare check. They often assume that these women do not work and just live off government handouts. I know of mothers that fit this stereotype; adults still living in their parents housesRead MoreUsing Sociology to Bridge the Opportunity Gap1193 Words   |  5 Pages The current socio-economic climate of the United States and the world at large can best be characterized as one in which access to both opportunity and wealth are increasingly scarce to those living in poverty. While there are a number of contributing factors that create this mass inequality, the scope of this argument will focus on education. The American schooling system is lagging behind globally and the current programs in place are ineffective to the point of being detrimental. This paper assertsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Goodbye At Factory Towns By Maynard Seider1170 Words   |  5 Pagesstimulate the economy and possibly attract related businesses. The documentary views how successful MASS MoCA truly was and shows that, although the museum did help boost the economy, the town still struggles with issues such as unemployment and poverty today. Towns that intend to get back on their feet again after an economic downfall can be found across the globe and such situations can most definitely, and should most definitely, be looked at in a sociological way. One can research if, and howRead MoreThe Arguments And Conflict For Public Sociology Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pagespublic sociology. The main focus is to see the consequences for public sociology by exploring three key points .Public sociology encompasses the working together of the sociologist, the academic and the public to identify and resolve issues that confront the communities and attempt to improve their well-being. These issues may have to do with the effects of globalisation on the environment, multi- national corporations, social justice and civil society. There is a need for a public sociology that values

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Slave Narratives Were The Dominant Literary Mode - 1924 Words

Slave narratives were the dominant literary mode in the early African-American literature. Thousands of accounts and writings, some legitimate and some fiction of white abolitionists, were published in the years between 1800 and the Civil War. These documents were written to promote the antislavery cause and to describe in detail how slaves were typically treated in the south. Most slave narratives in this time period attempted to appeal to the emotions of the white readers and often described of the severe whippings and injuries inflicted on black slaves. Like most all slave narratives, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, written by slave Harriet Jacob’s, intends to make white Americans aware of the sexual victimization that slave woman faced as well as to share her experience with abuse of slavery, her daily struggles to gain respect, and the details of her escape. Jacob’s story strongly emphasizes the problems faced by female slaves involving sexual abuse and sep aration of family. Due to the skilled, honest, and complete way she tells her story, it has become one of the most popular and most read slave narratives of all time. This primary source supports many themes from secondary sources pertaining to slavery. Brenda E. Stevenson’s â€Å"Slave Marriage and Family Relations† and Nell Painter’s â€Å"Soul Murder and Slavery† are two readings which specifically connect to Jacob’s story. Jacob’s supports the interpretations of gender and sexuality themes from these readings inShow MoreRelatedAnger Is A Weapon Of Destruction1521 Words   |  7 Pagessarcasm, ignoring or in a sense of revenge. Anger is found everywhere in life, from the very first word of the Iliad through all literary genres. Literary works show how the powerful anger has taken part in the human affairs since ancient times. 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This format or medium tends to be more pointed than longer works of fiction, such as novellas (in the 20th and 21st century sense) and novels or books. Short story definitions based upon length differ somewhat even among professional writersRead MoreBlack Naturalism and Toni Morrison: the Journey Away from Self-Love in the Bluest Eye8144 Words   |  33 PagesAlthough my students were unaware of it, in a sense what they were questioning from the standpoint of literary criticism is not only the theory of postmodernism with its emphasis on race, class and gender, but the theory of naturalism as well: the idea that one s social and physical environments can drastically affect one s nature and potential for surviving and succeeding in this world. 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The decision traditionally inbuilt into the romantic comedy is to end at the moment of the central couples union (or sometimes reunion), often with the obligatory embrace and kiss as the final momentRead MoreIndian English Novel17483 Words   |  70 PagesChanging tradition, the story of a changing India. The stories were there already in India steeped in folklores, myths, written in umpteen languages as India is always the land of stories. However, the concept of Indian English novel or rather the concept of Indians writing in English came much later and it is with the coming of Raja Rao, R.K. Narayan, Mulk Raj Anand, the journey of Indian English Novel began. The early Indian novels which were merely patriotic gained a rather contemporary touch with the

Theater in Ancient Greece - 1631 Words

Theatre in Ancient Greece Among the many inventions of the ancient Greeks, there have been a few that have specifically impacted modern day life for the better. Many of the things that are taken for granted today can be accredited to the intellectual minds of the people of ancient Greece. Our complicated plumbing and sewage systems that manage sanitation in most of the cities in the world have their roots in ancient society. The earliest concept of the crane was also developed during this time. Every successful society thrived on expansion, and one could not expand without the building of new structures; the invention of the crane and its evolution sped up this process of industrialization for societies to come. Despite these great†¦show more content†¦Jocasta’s (Oedipus’ mother) attempts to expel her cursed son and Oedipus’ avoiding of who he thought were his biological parents only fed into Apollo’s scheme. It was an important factor that the audience was previously awa re of this story and its outcome. As the jovial Oedipus preaches about discovering the cause of the plague and finding truth, the audience is aware that he is speaking out of ignorance and that his optimistic attitude would be short lived. This is comparable to certain entertainment pieces of the modern day. The Titanic also depicted a story that its audience knew the result of. Most people were aware of the fate of the Titanic before they had viewed the film and it undoubtedly added to the experience much like it would have in ancient Greece. Watching the joyful scenes of the patrons on the boat provokes mixed feelings of delight and dreadfulness as the actors remain in an ignorant bliss while the audience is aware that the boat will never make it to its destination. Oedipus the King concludes in a similarly destructive manner. Oedipus realizes in the climax of the play that he has in fact failed to escape the prophecy of Apollo and that he has become the incestuous murderer that h e had so carefully tried to avoid being. Oedipus is overcome with shame and disgust and gouges his eyes out and banishes himself from Thebes after seeing that hisShow MoreRelatedAnalysis on the Play Xanadu Essay513 Words   |  3 Pagesput on by the Arizona Theater Company, was an extraordinary play, with a few different cultures mixing to make a creative, fun production. This play was a mix of 80s music, apparel and art, along with a magical side with ancient Greece. Ancient Greece brought Greek mythology, which is what brought magical characters into the play. This play uses different cultures to escalate the plot, all while creating an awesome play. Art, whether it be film, television, visual art, theater and many other formsRead MoreImpact Of Religion On Greek Theatre893 Words   |  4 Pagesvery large impact on Greek theatre. Religion was related to many everyday life tasks in ancient Greece such as festivals, initiations, and oracles. Religion was a very important subject and was something they used in their everyday lives. This is why, in my opinion ,religion had a high impact on Greek theatre. â€Å" The religion of Greek people is an important aspect of the Greek culture.†(Religion in Greece Source:www.greeka.com) Greek religion was a form of polytheism, which meant that they believedRead MoreAncient Greek Culture808 Words   |  3 PagesAncient Greek Culture The culture of Ancient Greece consists of many traditions, religious practices, music, and foods. The Greeks were very religious people. There are a large number of religious festivals that were celebrated by the Greeks with great enthusiasm. Dance was also very important to the Ancient Greeks. It is said that they believed dance t improve both physical and emotional health. Men and women rarely danced together. Some dances were danced by men while others by women. TheRead MoreEssay about Clash of the Titans Critique1162 Words   |  5 PagesApril 12, 2012 Art History Clash of the Titans (1981) Cultural Accuracy The classic cinematic masterpiece â€Å"The Clash of the Titans† tells the tale of Perseus, one of the first great hero’s of ancient Greece. The film has excellent set and costume design with very accurate depictions of ancient Greek culture. From comparing the art and architecture featured in the film to the examples we learned about in class and other examples I found myself, the film appears to be set around the high toRead MoreGreek Architecture And The Architecture1597 Words   |  7 PagesAncient Greek architects pushed for the excellence and beauty seen in their works and it has left a lifetime of legacy behind them. Greek Architecture is one of the earliest forms of architecture and it is one that has influenced architects for centuries. 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First of all, let’s cover what entertainment was like in ancient Athens.   Theater’s were the primary source of entertainment. â€Å"The ancient Greek theaters developed through the ceremonial worship of theRead MoreThe Impact Of Ancient Greek Theater And Tragedy1703 Words   |  7 PagesMichimasa Kamata HUM 101-007 3/17/16 The Impact of Ancient Greek Theater and Tragedy Ancient Greek culture has influenced our modern culture in many ways from philosophy to medicine to government. We still use many of their concepts, technology, and even alphabet system. Without ancient Greece, our modern world would not have advanced as far. A significant contribution of the ancient Greek culture to the world today is the Greek theater, more specifically the structure of tragedy. Some contributionsRead MoreClassical Societies Essay905 Words   |  4 Pagesprecisely. 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There were at least one-hundred and twenty-five of these permanent stone theaters in Rome during the empire. There were

Atoms, Molecules, Elements Free Essays

Atoms are the smallest entities which resemble the properties of an element and cannot be broken down into smaller parts. Molecules are formed when two or more atoms are combined. This formation can happen in a variety of ways. We will write a custom essay sample on Atoms, Molecules, Elements or any similar topic only for you Order Now When two oxygen atoms join O2 is formed, and when three oxygen atoms join O3 or ozone is formed. Both of these have different properties. Different atoms can also combine to form molecules. Hydrogen combines with sulfur to form H2S and hydrogen and oxygen also combine to form H2O. Dmitri Mendeleev’s Periodic table is based on atomic weight, whereas, the modern periodic table keeps the atomic number as the base. An atomic table arranges elements from left to right in a row with the atomic number and properties gradually changing. The elements on the next row will actually exhibit similar properties as the ones above or below it. This provides an example of the periodicity nature of the elements. The columns of different elements in a period have the same or very similar properties. The properties of the elements change gradually as the columns move down through the periodic table. Atoms in similar families, such as H2S and H2O, exhibit both similar properties and molecular structure. This shows periodicity in both the molecules and the individual atoms. Alkali metals contain a single electron in their outer shell rendering them highly reactive. This allows them to be ready to donate this single electron to form molecules with substances like water. Halogens are also extremely reactive containing seven electrons in their outer shell. Similar to alkali metals, halogens need only one electron in their outer shell to become stable. The reactivity of an element increases the when the number of outer shell electrons is closer to one or seven. Elements that contain eight electrons in their outer shell exhibit little or no reactivity. Alkali metals are the elements found in group one of the periodic table. Mixing these metals with water creates a strong base used to neutralize acids. An example of an alkali metal is sodium (Na). Sodium contains one free electron to donate to form instant bonds like NaCl. Chlorine (Cl) is an example of a halogen. Chlorine requires one single electron to make eight electrons in its’ outer shell. Ultimately the high reactivity of alkali metals and halogens are a result of their unstable electronic configuration in the outer shell. In contrast, noble gases tend to be non-reactive because these elements have stable electronic configurations in their outer shell. Helium, for example, has two electrons and neon has eight electrons in the outer shell. These elements do not normally react with other elements. Molecules from atoms in similar families, such as H2S and H2O, have the same type of molecular shape and structure. Sulfur is less electronegative than oxygen making the hydrogen-sulfur bond less polar than the hydrogen-oxygen bond. Due to this difference in polarity, the molecules of H2S tend to remain in a gaseous state. In contrast, the polarity between hydrogen and oxygen keeps the molecules of H2O together in a liquid state. This phenomenon is known as electrostatic attraction which is stronger in H2O molecules and weaker in H2S molecules. The electronic structure of atoms refers to the way electrons are arranged around the nucleus. Four quantum numbers describe this structure and define the position of an electron in the electronic structure of the atom. These numbers illustrate the structure and arrangement of electrons. This can also be defined as a wave function showing the probability of finding an electron in a point in space. Electronic configuration is important for chemists in understanding how and why certain elements react with other elements. This method is much simpler than the quantum model and allows chemists to predict how certain elements will react sometimes before the chemical reaction has taken place. Chemists can then theorize a reaction based on this electronic structure. Chemists can also use knowledge of the electronic structure of atoms to predict how elements will bond. They can determine whether the bond will be an electrochemical bond, a covalent bond, or a coordinate bond, etc. This also helps in explaining how certain elements will behave. Diagrams illustrating the energy level of elements also aid chemists but electronic configuration is a more preferred and simpler method for chemists to use. How to cite Atoms, Molecules, Elements, Essay examples

Management Theories Decision Making and Problem Solving

Question: Discuss about the Management Theories for Decision Making and Problem Solving. Answer: Introduction: The service quality of Arnold Palmer Hospital can be effectively increased with the application of management theories such as the contingency approach and the multivariate approach. Both of the approaches are effective in improving the service quality of the organisation. Contingency approach: In the opinion of Goetsch and Davis (2014), the approach is deals with the analysis of external environment of the organisation and the adoption of certain structure that are suitable for the organisation. The approach indicates that Arnold Palmer Hospital needs to adapt to the demand of the changing technology, need for innovation and the uncertainty in the decision-making. Moreover, the approach suggests that there is no single way to address the issues of management in the organisation. An important role is played by the situational factors in designing and managing the structure of the company. The proper flow of communication is necessary between the managers and the employees in Arnold Palmer Hospital to increase the quality of service provided. Multivariate approach: The approach considers that the organisation consists of four variables such as task, structure, technology and people that are interacted to each other. Change in the organisation can come through any of the variable. According to Kerzner (2013), change in any of the variable will lead to a change in the other variables too and thus the management of the hospital needs to equally focus on all the variables. Justification of the best approach The contingency approach is considered a more appropriate approach to manage the organisation and improve the quality of services as it provides various advantages to the managers. The approach helps to ensure that the key individuals of the organisation can be easily accessible (Mikes and Kaplan 2014). The approach provides a control over the employees and thereby the performance of the company can be increased. In order to meet the needs of the organisation, the employee roles can be altered as per requirement. Thus, it can be inferred that the approach can be effective increasing the service quality of the hospital. Implementation of most appropriate approach The implementation of the contingency approach in the organisation effectively addresses the issues related to the service management. In order to keep the employees focused towards their particular roles and adapt to the organisational environment, the managers can use the approach. As the employees are completely focused towards their assigned role, they are able to understand the work better and thereby deliver better performance (Wan et al. 2013). The quality of the services provided to the customers is thus improved. In order to apply the method effectively, the managers need to develop the planning policy system and conduct a business impact analysis. The preventive controls need to be then identified in order to develop the plan. Furthermore, the maintenance of the plan has to be ensured. The contingency approach and the multivariate approach are effective in improving the quality of the services provided to the customers. However, the contingency approach is more effective as it provides the managers a number of benefits regarding the management of the organisation. Arnold Palmer Hospital thus needs to implement and maintain the approach appropriately in order to achieve the goals and objectives. References Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014. Quality management for organizational excellence. pearson. Kerzner, H.R., 2013. Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Mikes, A. and Kaplan, R.S., 2014, October. Towards a contingency theory of enterprise risk management. AAA. Wan, Y., Taylor, C., Roy, S., Wanke, C. and Zhou, Y., 2013. Dynamic queuing network model for flow contingency management. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 14(3), pp.1380-1392.