Essay on Poverty and Sociology - 1344 Words

In 2010, about 46.2 million people were considered poor. The nation’s poverty rate rose to 15.1 percent, whereas in 2009, 14.3 percent of people in America were living in poverty (Censky, 2011). That is an increase of 2.6 million people in 2010. In the United States, the federal poverty line – an absolute measure of annual income – is frequently used to determine who is categorized as poor (Ferris Stein, 2008, 2010). Currently the government defines the poverty line as an income of $11,139 for an individual and $22,314 for a family of four (Censky, 2011). In sociology, poverty can be defined using two terms – relative deprivation and absolute deprivation. Relative deprivation is a comparison between people and social class. With†¦show more content†¦The theory was later adopted by social scientists and used for American poverty, specifically in inner cities. Controversy has arisen from the theory and the majority have come to agree that a cultur e of poverty is nonexistent since the theory tends to blame poverty stricken victims for their own misfortunes while disregarding their social conditions. The just-world hypothesis also plays a role within the culture of poverty controversy. The just-world hypothesis refers to peoples tendency to believe that the world is just and that people get what they deserve (Cherry). People want to believe that the world, society as a whole, is a fair place to achieve lifetime goals and that victims that contradict that belief asked for their misfortunes. When faced with poverty, many individuals become uncaring and disinterested; he or she feels less of a need to start in ways to change society or to lessen the situations of social victims. Another theory that relates to poverty is the conflict theory. Conflict theory is a paradigm that sees social conflict as the basis of society and social change and emphasizes a materialistic view of society, a critical view of the status quo, and a dyn amic model of historical change (Ferris Stein, 2008, 2010). The theory was originally brought on by Karl Marx, and was later adapted and further developed by other theorists; for example, Max Weber. Looking at poverty through the lens of the conflict theory, weShow MoreRelatedPoverty Sociology1553 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: POVERTY AND IT’S EVERYDAY LIFE CHANGES 1 Poverty and its Everyday Life Changes Professor Deanna R. Lindsey Sociology 100, Strayer University November 4, 2011 POVERTY AND IT’S EVERYDAY LIFE CHANGES 2 Abstract This report tells of the ratings of poverty in the United States and America. It tells how poverty is constantly changing the lives of men, women, and children on an everyday basis. It speaks of things we can do as a society to help support and changeRead MorePoverty and Crime (Sociology)1600 Words   |  7 PagesAshley Duran Sociology 1101 August 9, 2010 Poverty and Crime A social issue that has always intrigued me was crime (petty crime, violent crime, etc) in impoverished urban areas and the social and economic impact that crime causes in these areas. Before conducting my research into this topic, I have always pondered why crime and poverty are so closely related. Are these two so closely linked solely because of the lack of income in the area? Or are there someRead MoreSociology: Poverty and Stratification812 Words   |  4 PagesLiving with a poverty level income is a difficulty facing many people around the world; poverty is a cultural universal, or trait found in every known culture – not an expression of individual differences. The most basic explanation for this is the trend towards social stratification, the system by which society organizes itself into a hierarchy. In some cultures this is manifest in the form of a caste system in which people who are in poverty have little to no chance of escaping it. In the UnitedRead More Sociology : The Social Problem Of Poverty1251 Words   |  6 PagesSociology is the scientific study of interactions and relations among individuals. Sociology allows people to understand why groups of people act the way they do, and allows us to examine their culture, background, and heritage. The study of sociology also explains how culture plays a role in the way groups of people act, and how it reflects their society. C. Wright Mills said that the sociological imagination is the ability to look beyond the personal troubles of people to see the public issuesRead MoreSociology Is The Study Of Social Behavior969 Words   |  4 PagesSociology is the study of social behavior. Social behavior has to deal with a society, its development, organizations, and networks. Poverty, the struggling middle class, education and social mobility, inequality,  social class and the health care system, are also important aspects of sociology. In class, we are currently discussing social class. So cial class is a division of a society that is heavily based upon social and economic status. In the United States, there are many cases in which povertyRead MoreSociology Is The Scientific Study Of Society And Human Behavior895 Words   |  4 Pagesto the Marriam Webster dictionary, the simple definition of sociology is â€Å"the study of society, social institution, and social relationships. Based on the textbook, â€Å"sociology is the scientific study of society and human behavior† (G-6). Through the two definitions, one can deduce that the study of Sociology is a discipline that explains and analysis the human culture in terms of their social relationships and social institutions. Sociology is a study that explains the social world which human beingsRead MoreEssay about The Status of Single Mothers1651 Words   |  7 Pageswith women that are supported by government aid, especially single mothers. The women on welfare are often treated poorly because people think they are ‘working the system’. Tax payers feel as if the single mothers on welfare perpetuated their own poverty by having children that they cannot support, just for a bigger welfare check. They often assume that these women do not work and just live off government handouts. I know of mothers that fit this stereotype; adults still living in their parents housesRead MoreUsing Sociology to Bridge the Opportunity Gap1193 Words   |  5 Pages The current socio-economic climate of the United States and the world at large can best be characterized as one in which access to both opportunity and wealth are increasingly scarce to those living in poverty. While there are a number of contributing factors that create this mass inequality, the scope of this argument will focus on education. The American schooling system is lagging behind globally and the current programs in place are ineffective to the point of being detrimental. This paper assertsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Goodbye At Factory Towns By Maynard Seider1170 Words   |  5 Pagesstimulate the economy and possibly attract related businesses. The documentary views how successful MASS MoCA truly was and shows that, although the museum did help boost the economy, the town still struggles with issues such as unemployment and poverty today. Towns that intend to get back on their feet again after an economic downfall can be found across the globe and such situations can most definitely, and should most definitely, be looked at in a sociological way. One can research if, and howRead MoreThe Arguments And Conflict For Public Sociology Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pagespublic sociology. The main focus is to see the consequences for public sociology by exploring three key points .Public sociology encompasses the working together of the sociologist, the academic and the public to identify and resolve issues that confront the communities and attempt to improve their well-being. These issues may have to do with the effects of globalisation on the environment, multi- national corporations, social justice and civil society. There is a need for a public sociology that values

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Slave Narratives Were The Dominant Literary Mode - 1924 Words

Slave narratives were the dominant literary mode in the early African-American literature. Thousands of accounts and writings, some legitimate and some fiction of white abolitionists, were published in the years between 1800 and the Civil War. These documents were written to promote the antislavery cause and to describe in detail how slaves were typically treated in the south. Most slave narratives in this time period attempted to appeal to the emotions of the white readers and often described of the severe whippings and injuries inflicted on black slaves. Like most all slave narratives, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, written by slave Harriet Jacob’s, intends to make white Americans aware of the sexual victimization that slave woman faced as well as to share her experience with abuse of slavery, her daily struggles to gain respect, and the details of her escape. Jacob’s story strongly emphasizes the problems faced by female slaves involving sexual abuse and sep aration of family. Due to the skilled, honest, and complete way she tells her story, it has become one of the most popular and most read slave narratives of all time. This primary source supports many themes from secondary sources pertaining to slavery. Brenda E. Stevenson’s â€Å"Slave Marriage and Family Relations† and Nell Painter’s â€Å"Soul Murder and Slavery† are two readings which specifically connect to Jacob’s story. Jacob’s supports the interpretations of gender and sexuality themes from these readings inShow MoreRelatedAnger Is A Weapon Of Destruction1521 Words   |  7 Pagessarcasm, ignoring or in a sense of revenge. Anger is found everywhere in life, from the very first word of the Iliad through all literary genres. Literary works show how the powerful anger has taken part in the human affairs since ancient times. The anger of the gods is found in a number of elaborated mythologies. In Greek and Roman stories, kings and emperors were the most feared angry figures. The Roman emperor Caligula, famous for his anger and insane murderousness, blended myth and terrifyingRead MoreJean Toomer- An African American Writer1188 Words   |  5 Pagesa degree, his educational pursuits laid the foundation for his writing career. He had the knowledge of philosophy and psychology. He attempted to write when he was a youth, but he made a choice to pursue a literary career in 1919. After he published Cane he became part of New York literary circles. He objected both rivalries that prevailed in the fraternity of writers and to attempts to promote him as a black writer (Claypool 3). In Washington of 1921 he took care of his grandparents and wroteRead MoreThe History of American Literature3501 Words   |  15 Pagesearliest form of literature in what would one day be known as America were far from what modern day people would consider Literature. The Natives who inhabited this land first had unwritten ways of passing on experiences, beliefs, and stories. Natives relied heavily on the verbal telling of these stories to younger generations. The same stories, fables, or belief structures were told repeatedly, each time identical to the last, and were memorized by the listeners so they would be able to pass these onRead MoreHistory of the Development of the Short Story.3660 Words   |  15 PagesThe Short Story. Basic Literary Elements of The Short Story. 1.1.History of The Development of The Short Story. 1.1.1.Early Forms.Origins. The short story refers to a work of fiction that is usually written in prose, usually in narrative format. This format or medium tends to be more pointed than longer works of fiction, such as novellas (in the 20th and 21st century sense) and novels or books. Short story definitions based upon length differ somewhat even among professional writersRead MoreBlack Naturalism and Toni Morrison: the Journey Away from Self-Love in the Bluest Eye8144 Words   |  33 PagesAlthough my students were unaware of it, in a sense what they were questioning from the standpoint of literary criticism is not only the theory of postmodernism with its emphasis on race, class and gender, but the theory of naturalism as well: the idea that one s social and physical environments can drastically affect one s nature and potential for surviving and succeeding in this world. In this article, I will explore Toni Morrison s The Bluest Eye from a naturalistic perspective; however, whileRead MoreOscar Wilde Fairy Tales4397 Words   |  18 PagesTHE TRAGIC MODE IN OSCAR WILDE’S FAIRY TALES DÉBORAH SCHEIDT, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa ABSTRACT: In this paper we examine the articulation of the tragic mode in Oscar Wilde‟s collection of fairy tales The Happy Prince and Other Stories, especially in â€Å"The Young King†, â€Å"The Selfish Giant† and â€Å"The Birthday of the Infanta.† By â€Å"tragic mode† we mean, in this context, the vestiges left by Greek tragedy and its development, the Elizabethan tragedy, in a piece of nineteenth century fictionRead MoreAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 PagesRenaissance Postmodernism Contemporary Puritan Times period of American Literature - 1650-1750 Content: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · errand into the wilderness be a city upon a hill Christian utopia Genre/Style: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · sermons, diaries personal narratives captivity narratives jeremiads written in plain style Effect: ï‚ · ï‚ · instructive reinforces authority of the Bible and church Historical Context: ï‚ · ï‚ · a person s fate is determined by God all people are corrupt and must be saved by Christ RationalismRead MoreCan the Subaltern Speak9113 Words   |  37 Pagesthe track of ideology. The participants in this conversation emphasize the most important contributions of French poststructuralist theory: first, that the networks of power/desire/interest are so heterogeneous that their reduction to a coherent narrative is counterproductive-a persistent critique is needed; and second, that intellectuals must attempt to disclose and know the discourse of societys Other. Yet the two systematically ignore the question of ideology and their own implication in intellectualRead MoreEssay about Happy Endings True Love8166 Words   |  33 Pagesevery day, exactly what the characters in each and every romantic comedy do - that is: meet, court, and fall (however briefly or lastingly) in love. The problem arises when a film depicting this has to navigate the obvious requirement which all narrative art faces: it must choose a point at which to end. The decision traditionally inbuilt into the romantic comedy is to end at the moment of the central couples union (or sometimes reunion), often with the obligatory embrace and kiss as the final momentRead MoreIndian English Novel17483 Words   |  70 PagesChanging tradition, the story of a changing India. The stories were there already in India steeped in folklores, myths, written in umpteen languages as India is always the land of stories. However, the concept of Indian English novel or rather the concept of Indians writing in English came much later and it is with the coming of Raja Rao, R.K. Narayan, Mulk Raj Anand, the journey of Indian English Novel began. The early Indian novels which were merely patriotic gained a rather contemporary touch with the

Theater in Ancient Greece - 1631 Words

Theatre in Ancient Greece Among the many inventions of the ancient Greeks, there have been a few that have specifically impacted modern day life for the better. Many of the things that are taken for granted today can be accredited to the intellectual minds of the people of ancient Greece. Our complicated plumbing and sewage systems that manage sanitation in most of the cities in the world have their roots in ancient society. The earliest concept of the crane was also developed during this time. Every successful society thrived on expansion, and one could not expand without the building of new structures; the invention of the crane and its evolution sped up this process of industrialization for societies to come. Despite these great†¦show more content†¦Jocasta’s (Oedipus’ mother) attempts to expel her cursed son and Oedipus’ avoiding of who he thought were his biological parents only fed into Apollo’s scheme. It was an important factor that the audience was previously awa re of this story and its outcome. As the jovial Oedipus preaches about discovering the cause of the plague and finding truth, the audience is aware that he is speaking out of ignorance and that his optimistic attitude would be short lived. This is comparable to certain entertainment pieces of the modern day. The Titanic also depicted a story that its audience knew the result of. Most people were aware of the fate of the Titanic before they had viewed the film and it undoubtedly added to the experience much like it would have in ancient Greece. Watching the joyful scenes of the patrons on the boat provokes mixed feelings of delight and dreadfulness as the actors remain in an ignorant bliss while the audience is aware that the boat will never make it to its destination. Oedipus the King concludes in a similarly destructive manner. Oedipus realizes in the climax of the play that he has in fact failed to escape the prophecy of Apollo and that he has become the incestuous murderer that h e had so carefully tried to avoid being. Oedipus is overcome with shame and disgust and gouges his eyes out and banishes himself from Thebes after seeing that hisShow MoreRelatedAnalysis on the Play Xanadu Essay513 Words   |  3 Pagesput on by the Arizona Theater Company, was an extraordinary play, with a few different cultures mixing to make a creative, fun production. This play was a mix of 80s music, apparel and art, along with a magical side with ancient Greece. Ancient Greece brought Greek mythology, which is what brought magical characters into the play. This play uses different cultures to escalate the plot, all while creating an awesome play. Art, whether it be film, television, visual art, theater and many other formsRead MoreImpact Of Religion On Greek Theatre893 Words   |  4 Pagesvery large impact on Greek theatre. Religion was related to many everyday life tasks in ancient Greece such as festivals, initiations, and oracles. Religion was a very important subject and was something they used in their everyday lives. This is why, in my opinion ,religion had a high impact on Greek theatre. â€Å" The religion of Greek people is an important aspect of the Greek culture.†(Religion in Greece Source:www.greeka.com) Greek religion was a form of polytheism, which meant that they believedRead MoreAncient Greek Culture808 Words   |  3 PagesAncient Greek Culture The culture of Ancient Greece consists of many traditions, religious practices, music, and foods. The Greeks were very religious people. There are a large number of religious festivals that were celebrated by the Greeks with great enthusiasm. Dance was also very important to the Ancient Greeks. It is said that they believed dance t improve both physical and emotional health. Men and women rarely danced together. Some dances were danced by men while others by women. TheRead MoreEssay about Clash of the Titans Critique1162 Words   |  5 PagesApril 12, 2012 Art History Clash of the Titans (1981) Cultural Accuracy The classic cinematic masterpiece â€Å"The Clash of the Titans† tells the tale of Perseus, one of the first great hero’s of ancient Greece. The film has excellent set and costume design with very accurate depictions of ancient Greek culture. From comparing the art and architecture featured in the film to the examples we learned about in class and other examples I found myself, the film appears to be set around the high toRead MoreGreek Architecture And The Architecture1597 Words   |  7 PagesAncient Greek architects pushed for the excellence and beauty seen in their works and it has left a lifetime of legacy behind them. Greek Architecture is one of the earliest forms of architecture and it is one that has influenced architects for centuries. Ancient Greece was a collection of hundreds of city-states contributed throughout the Mediterranean and Black seas. Greek life was dominated by religion and politics. The religious temples and political buildings of the time w ere the biggest andRead MoreEssay Greek Theater1157 Words   |  5 Pages Ancient Greek Theater is the first historical record of â€Å"drama,† which is the Greek term meaning â€Å"to do† or â€Å"to act.† Beginning in the 5th century BC, Greek Theater developed into an art that is still used today. During the golden age of the Athenians plays were created, plays that are considered among the greatest works of world drama. Today there are thousands of well-known plays and films based on the re-make of ancient drama. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Theater originated from the religiousRead MoreAncient Greece s Influence On The Modern World951 Words   |  4 PagesAthens was one of the most prestigious cities in the ancient civilization.   Their acropolis and how they held themselves to a higher standards than other cities in ancient Greece is what makes Greece look like how it is popularly known as today.i   So what was ancient Athens like for one to live their? First of all, let’s cover what entertainment was like in ancient Athens.   Theater’s were the primary source of entertainment. â€Å"The ancient Greek theaters developed through the ceremonial worship of theRead MoreThe Impact Of Ancient Greek Theater And Tragedy1703 Words   |  7 PagesMichimasa Kamata HUM 101-007 3/17/16 The Impact of Ancient Greek Theater and Tragedy Ancient Greek culture has influenced our modern culture in many ways from philosophy to medicine to government. We still use many of their concepts, technology, and even alphabet system. Without ancient Greece, our modern world would not have advanced as far. A significant contribution of the ancient Greek culture to the world today is the Greek theater, more specifically the structure of tragedy. Some contributionsRead MoreClassical Societies Essay905 Words   |  4 Pagesprecisely. I am choosing art from Classical Greece, Hellenistic Greece, Etruscan Civilization, Roman Republic, and Roman Empire society and I will examine a piece of art from each of those periods. The art works that I have chosen from each period are Polykleitos the Younger, theater, Epidauros, ca. 350 B.C.E, from the Classical Greece period, Portrait bust of Alexander the Great, Roman copy of a Greek original of ca. 330 B.C.E, from the Hellenistic Greece period, Tomb of the Reliefs, Cerveteri, thirdRead MoreRo man Theatre : A Diverse Art Form1045 Words   |  5 Pagesused by the Greeks. Old temporary Roman theaters normally had three doors, a temple, and the hero/heroine s home. No permanent or stone theatre was built until the final years of the Republic, possibly in 17BC. These later theaters seated thousands. There were no curtains or orchestra in the Roman theatre, despite being based on Greek theatre. The stage rose five feet. There were at least one-hundred and twenty-five of these permanent stone theaters in Rome during the empire. There were

Atoms, Molecules, Elements Free Essays

Atoms are the smallest entities which resemble the properties of an element and cannot be broken down into smaller parts. Molecules are formed when two or more atoms are combined. This formation can happen in a variety of ways. We will write a custom essay sample on Atoms, Molecules, Elements or any similar topic only for you Order Now When two oxygen atoms join O2 is formed, and when three oxygen atoms join O3 or ozone is formed. Both of these have different properties. Different atoms can also combine to form molecules. Hydrogen combines with sulfur to form H2S and hydrogen and oxygen also combine to form H2O. Dmitri Mendeleev’s Periodic table is based on atomic weight, whereas, the modern periodic table keeps the atomic number as the base. An atomic table arranges elements from left to right in a row with the atomic number and properties gradually changing. The elements on the next row will actually exhibit similar properties as the ones above or below it. This provides an example of the periodicity nature of the elements. The columns of different elements in a period have the same or very similar properties. The properties of the elements change gradually as the columns move down through the periodic table. Atoms in similar families, such as H2S and H2O, exhibit both similar properties and molecular structure. This shows periodicity in both the molecules and the individual atoms. Alkali metals contain a single electron in their outer shell rendering them highly reactive. This allows them to be ready to donate this single electron to form molecules with substances like water. Halogens are also extremely reactive containing seven electrons in their outer shell. Similar to alkali metals, halogens need only one electron in their outer shell to become stable. The reactivity of an element increases the when the number of outer shell electrons is closer to one or seven. Elements that contain eight electrons in their outer shell exhibit little or no reactivity. Alkali metals are the elements found in group one of the periodic table. Mixing these metals with water creates a strong base used to neutralize acids. An example of an alkali metal is sodium (Na). Sodium contains one free electron to donate to form instant bonds like NaCl. Chlorine (Cl) is an example of a halogen. Chlorine requires one single electron to make eight electrons in its’ outer shell. Ultimately the high reactivity of alkali metals and halogens are a result of their unstable electronic configuration in the outer shell. In contrast, noble gases tend to be non-reactive because these elements have stable electronic configurations in their outer shell. Helium, for example, has two electrons and neon has eight electrons in the outer shell. These elements do not normally react with other elements. Molecules from atoms in similar families, such as H2S and H2O, have the same type of molecular shape and structure. Sulfur is less electronegative than oxygen making the hydrogen-sulfur bond less polar than the hydrogen-oxygen bond. Due to this difference in polarity, the molecules of H2S tend to remain in a gaseous state. In contrast, the polarity between hydrogen and oxygen keeps the molecules of H2O together in a liquid state. This phenomenon is known as electrostatic attraction which is stronger in H2O molecules and weaker in H2S molecules. The electronic structure of atoms refers to the way electrons are arranged around the nucleus. Four quantum numbers describe this structure and define the position of an electron in the electronic structure of the atom. These numbers illustrate the structure and arrangement of electrons. This can also be defined as a wave function showing the probability of finding an electron in a point in space. Electronic configuration is important for chemists in understanding how and why certain elements react with other elements. This method is much simpler than the quantum model and allows chemists to predict how certain elements will react sometimes before the chemical reaction has taken place. Chemists can then theorize a reaction based on this electronic structure. Chemists can also use knowledge of the electronic structure of atoms to predict how elements will bond. They can determine whether the bond will be an electrochemical bond, a covalent bond, or a coordinate bond, etc. This also helps in explaining how certain elements will behave. Diagrams illustrating the energy level of elements also aid chemists but electronic configuration is a more preferred and simpler method for chemists to use. How to cite Atoms, Molecules, Elements, Essay examples

Management Theories Decision Making and Problem Solving

Question: Discuss about the Management Theories for Decision Making and Problem Solving. Answer: Introduction: The service quality of Arnold Palmer Hospital can be effectively increased with the application of management theories such as the contingency approach and the multivariate approach. Both of the approaches are effective in improving the service quality of the organisation. Contingency approach: In the opinion of Goetsch and Davis (2014), the approach is deals with the analysis of external environment of the organisation and the adoption of certain structure that are suitable for the organisation. The approach indicates that Arnold Palmer Hospital needs to adapt to the demand of the changing technology, need for innovation and the uncertainty in the decision-making. Moreover, the approach suggests that there is no single way to address the issues of management in the organisation. An important role is played by the situational factors in designing and managing the structure of the company. The proper flow of communication is necessary between the managers and the employees in Arnold Palmer Hospital to increase the quality of service provided. Multivariate approach: The approach considers that the organisation consists of four variables such as task, structure, technology and people that are interacted to each other. Change in the organisation can come through any of the variable. According to Kerzner (2013), change in any of the variable will lead to a change in the other variables too and thus the management of the hospital needs to equally focus on all the variables. Justification of the best approach The contingency approach is considered a more appropriate approach to manage the organisation and improve the quality of services as it provides various advantages to the managers. The approach helps to ensure that the key individuals of the organisation can be easily accessible (Mikes and Kaplan 2014). The approach provides a control over the employees and thereby the performance of the company can be increased. In order to meet the needs of the organisation, the employee roles can be altered as per requirement. Thus, it can be inferred that the approach can be effective increasing the service quality of the hospital. Implementation of most appropriate approach The implementation of the contingency approach in the organisation effectively addresses the issues related to the service management. In order to keep the employees focused towards their particular roles and adapt to the organisational environment, the managers can use the approach. As the employees are completely focused towards their assigned role, they are able to understand the work better and thereby deliver better performance (Wan et al. 2013). The quality of the services provided to the customers is thus improved. In order to apply the method effectively, the managers need to develop the planning policy system and conduct a business impact analysis. The preventive controls need to be then identified in order to develop the plan. Furthermore, the maintenance of the plan has to be ensured. The contingency approach and the multivariate approach are effective in improving the quality of the services provided to the customers. However, the contingency approach is more effective as it provides the managers a number of benefits regarding the management of the organisation. Arnold Palmer Hospital thus needs to implement and maintain the approach appropriately in order to achieve the goals and objectives. References Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014. Quality management for organizational excellence. pearson. Kerzner, H.R., 2013. Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Mikes, A. and Kaplan, R.S., 2014, October. Towards a contingency theory of enterprise risk management. AAA. Wan, Y., Taylor, C., Roy, S., Wanke, C. and Zhou, Y., 2013. Dynamic queuing network model for flow contingency management. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 14(3), pp.1380-1392.

Management of Operators For Large Assets †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Project Management of Operators For Large Assets. Answer: Project definition in context of large assets Theproject management of large assets should include employment of a team of specialist who would be responsible for the fully integrated feasibility study with diligence studies in relation to the economic evaluations and risk assessments. A project leader is an integral part of this project as well who is responsible for specializing in coordination and integration of the inputs from discipline specialists to validate that the project has a proper and thorough appreciation of the technical issues that are within an appropriate business context. The mining consultant of the project is responsible for assisting the project team with mergers and acquisitions along with the project financing (Finnerty 2013). The tender for the project financing should be properly laid in order to implement the project successfully. Project Justification and Contract process The project is justified, as it will help in maintaining and managing larger assets. Different sites are considered for this project and the implementation of the project work according to the project plan will help in proper extraction of natural resources through a process of mining and their maintenance. The contract type decided for this project is a cost plus contract. This contract is chosen as it involves the payment of the actual costs of the project, purchases and other expenses obtained directly from the different construction activity. This contract will involve specific and clear information about the pre-negotiated amount of the project costs which will cover the contractors overhead and profit. The detailing of the cost in accordance to direct and indirect costs is necessary in this type of contract (Brandes et al. 2012). Project Financing The project financing is carried out keeping in mind the resources and the cash flow related with the project. The finance should include the potential benefits of the project and the profits from the investments. The financing of this project has undergone three phases, which includes the pre-decision phase that consisted of undergoing proper feasibility studies, experts opinion and aimed at selecting the best version of the project (Winch 2014). The second phase included the investment phase that deals with the planning and contract of the different materials that would be required for the project, services, equipments needed and furnishing. This included the traditional activities contractors hiring and managing their supply chain. The third phase includes the operations phase that estimates the use of facility and resource management as a part of the project requirements (Finnerty 2013). Project Condition, Project Team and Project processes The general project condition includes tools, resources and equipments needed to implement the project. The project tender estimates the costs of the equipments needed, tools and resources as well. The tender further includes the pre development fee, utilities, and office trailers, cost of vehicles and dumpsters, clean up, project staff and labor wages as well (Chin et al. 2012). The members of the project team includes- A project manager A construction manager Project stakeholders Project Owners Contractors Sub Contractors Project Scheduler Safety Manager Staffs and laborers The majorproject management processes related to this project is communication management process and resource management. Different communication planning methods can be implemented for maintaining proper communication flow within the project and to keep the stakeholders informed about the project progress. This is a part of aproject management process, which helps in delivery of successful projects. The resource management process is essential for keeping a track of the project requirements. Expected estimate The expected estimates of the project labor plant materials and subcontractors and other team members are elaborated in the following table Resource Name Std. Rate Project Manager $80.00/hr Workers $35.00/hr Construction manager $80.00/hr Laborers $20.00/hr Sub contractors $50.00/hr Contractors $70.00/hr Business Analyst $70.00/hr Materials cost (estimated) $1000000 Equipments Cost (estimated) $900000 Safety manager $50.00/hr Project Scheduler $45.00/hr Quality assurance manger $45.00/hr Requirements of project changes The requirements or causes of the project change are listed below (Stark 2015)- The difference in opinion of the project stakeholders may lead to the changes in project requirements. Possibility of change in this project requirement should be considered in the tender. Changes in the regulation can be considered as another requirement of project changes. If new regulations or legislations are introduced, it may result in change of project scope and requirements. The improper requirement specification is another major reason of requirements of project changes in particular project. Changes in sponsorship may lead to the requirements of project changes and therefore, this criteria should also be kept in mind Another requirement of project change may be due to the change in the business strategy that may ultimately lead to the change in scope and requirements of a project. Updated technology mainly during a long project as this may be another reason of requirement of project changes. Requirements for Quality Assurance and Quality control Quality Assurance and quality control is required for this project in order to ensure that the project meets the specified requirements (Oakes 2012). The requirement for ensuring quality control and quality assurance for the project includes- The need for through testing of every phases of the project to ensure that the project under development meets the set specification A quality control manager should be appointed who would be in charge of the project quality assurance The routine quality testing is essential for assuring the specified quality of the project. Proper operational techniques should be identified for fulfilling the requirements based on the quality of the project. Different operational actions should be supervised by the quality control manager to ensure the specified quality of the product Requirements for document management, reporting and governance Document management is necessary for keeping a track of the of the project progress according to the planned schedule. Furthermore, it helps in keeping a track of all the project works. The requirements of documents management include appointed of a document manager who would be responsible for keeping a track of the project works and archive all the project documents (Winch 2014). Project reporting is necessary to keep the project owner and project stakeholders updated about the project progress. The sub contractors are responsible for reporting to the contractors, who in turn report to the construction manager and project manager. The tender should include the cost of reporting as well. Project governance or project supervision is necessary to ensure that the project is implemented according to the project plan. The project manager and the construction manager is responsible for project governance and therefore, the requirements of governance includes project and construction manager. Requirements for disputes, Arbitration and mediation Arbitration and mediation are the two methods of dispute resolution. Arbitration is a dispute resolution technique that are used for resolving the disputes outside the court. It is generally used for resolution of commercial disputes and therefore it is necessary requirement of a project. A single mediator who helps in facilitating the discussion and eventual resolution of the dispute however, conducts mediation. This is another major requirement that should be considered in this project. 10. Requirements for Safety Ensuring project safety is an integral part of project management. Therefore, requirements for safety in a project includes Designing of a safety manual by the project supervisor for ensuring the safety of a project The project should comply by the legal requirements in ensuring the safety of the workers. Workers safety should be considered as a first priority. References Brandes, T.T., Fernandez, P.B., Issa, P., Lee, V.Y. and Ma, L.J., Sprint Communications Company LP, 2012. System and method for project contract management. U.S. Patent 8,108,232. Chin, C.M.M., Spowage, A.C. and Yap, E.H., 2012. Project Management Methodologies: A Comparative Analysis Participation. Journal for the Advancement of Performance Information Value, 4(1). Finnerty, J.D., 2013. Project financing: Asset-based financial engineering. John Wiley Sons. Finnerty, J.D., 2013. Project financing: Asset-based financial engineering. John Wiley Sons. Oakes, M.G., 2012. Project reviews, assurance and governance. Gower Publishing, Ltd.. Stark, J., 2015. Product lifecycle management. In Product Lifecycle Management (Volume 1) (pp. 1-29). Springer International Publishing. Winch, G.M., 2014. Three domains of project organising. International Journal of Project Management, 32(5), pp.721-731. Winch, G.M., 2014. Three domains of project organising. International Journal of Project Management, 32(5), pp.721-731.